This review examines the therapeutic potential of resveratrol (RES) in managing degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (DMDs), including osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. With the rising incidence of these diseases in aging populations, effective interventions are increasingly urgent. RES, a polyphenolic compound found in foods such as grapes and peanuts, has shown promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Acting within the framework of medicine and food homology, RES holds dual roles as both a dietary supplement and therapeutic agent. RES exerts its effects by modulating various signaling pathways, which collectively reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis, thereby slowing the progression of DMDs. Clinical trials suggest that RES improves bone mineral density, alleviates OA symptoms, and helps preserve muscle mass. However, challenges like limited bioavailability and targeted delivery remain. Future research should focus on optimizing RES’s bioavailability and exploring its synergistic effects with other natural compounds to enhance its therapeutic impact. Overall, RES exemplifies a holistic approach to DMDs management by integrating dietary and pharmacological benefits, offering a sustainable strategy for disease management and prevention.

Orthopedic diseases are common clinical disorders that impose a heavy burden on patients and their families, and they have presented considerable challenges to clinicians. Nanoprobes have emerged as a new microbial sensor technology with the advancement in nanotechnology. They can be employed to detect individual living cells, thus playing an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Nanoprobes can target specific cells, subcellular organelles, exosomes, extracellular matrix, disease microenvironment, and metabolic products such as specific diagnostic substances and inflammatory factors produced in the progression of orthopedic diseases. Through the combination with photothermal, electromagnetic, ultrasound, and other excitation methods, they can achieve multidimensional targeted treatment for such orthopedic diseases as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant bone tumors, and bone fractures and defects by carrying drugs, proteins, peptides, and cytokines. Given these facts, the role of nanoprobe technology in the diagnosis and treatment of common orthopedic diseases is explored in this study.

As a category of common clinical conditions, orthopedic diseases exhibit an increasing incidence in the aging population under the background of technological advancement. Although conventional treatment methods can alleviate the symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with orthopedic diseases, their efficacy needs to be further enhanced. Nanorobots developed based on nanotechnology have presented important application prospects in the biomedical field. They are characterized by a small size and can be employed in nanoscale operation, which can change the management of orthopedic diseases through drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and disease treatment. They also play an important role in diseases related to hard (bones and cartilages) and soft (spinal cord, peripheral nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and ligaments) tissues in the bone movement system. In this review, the application status and prospects of nanorobots in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases are explored based on their functional role in the medical field. Scientific attempts at the treatment of orthopedic diseases based on nanorobots may be made by strengthening the targeted differentiation of cells induced by nanorobots, repairing damaged cells from a genetic perspective, developing precise targeted delivery systems for therapeutic drugs, generating stimulation signals to improve the state of damaged cells, forming damaged tissue substitutes, and coordinating driving factors for physical therapy.