To solve the problem of corrosion monitoring for cable-stayed bridges, an accelerated corrosion test is conducted on high-strength galvanized steel wires used in parallel steel wire suspension cables. The corrosion loss rates of test specimens are appropriately compared using the resistance method, and the traditional weighing method and the effect of corrosion products and temperature on corrosion resistance are also analyzed. The main goal is to check the feasibility of the resistance method to monitor and evaluate the corrosion rate of steel wires in engineering applications. The results reveal that the resistance and the weighing methods have similar test results. The average discrepancies between the results of the two methods in pitting and uniform corrosions in order are obtained as 3.8% and 2.5%. Therefore, the resistance method can be regarded as a reliable approach to monitor and evaluate the corrosion rate of steel wires of the suspension cable. The experimental results on the effects of temperature and corrosion products on the corrosion resistance of steel wire specimens indicate that the temperature coefficient of the steel wire specimens before and after corrosion is close to that of ordinary steel with a value of 0.00605. Additionally, the results reveal that the corrosion products do not have a substantial effect on the results of corrosion resistance testing, so the temperature compensation and corrosion calculation in the corrosion monitoring of the cable-stayed bridge can be ignored when using the corrosion sensor.