Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) thin film have a suitable band gap (1.73 eV) and high absorption coefficient, indicating potential prospects in indoor photovoltaics. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) attenuation under indoor weak light limits the performance and application, which is affected by the heterojunction interface quality. Hence, we propose a hole transport layer free Sb2S3 indoor photovoltaic cell using Li-doped TiO2 as the electron transport layer to overcome weak-light VOC loss. The Li-doped TiO2 films prepared by spray pyrolysis LiCl additive precursor reveal higher surface potentials, enhancing electron collections. The doped interface also promoted subsequent grain growth of Sb2S3 thin film. The champion device, configured as FTO/TiO2:Li/Sb2S3/Au, achieves an efficiency of 6.12% with an optimal Li doping ratio of 8% in the TiO2 layer. The Li introduction at the junction interface suppresses the photocarrier recombinations under indoor light, thus improving device performance. The indoor power conversion efficiency of the Li-TiO2 based Sb2S3 device reaches 12.7% under the irradiation of 1000-lux LED, showing 48% improvement compared with the undoped device. The Li-doped TiO2/Sb2S3 photovoltaic device demonstrates significant advantages, particularly in cold and monochromatic light conditions, opening new prospects for indoor application.
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Nano Research
Published: 19 March 2025
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