With the advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, Large Language Models (LLMs) provide outstanding capabilities for natural language understanding and generation, enhancing various domains. In psychiatry, LLMs can empower healthcare by analyzing vast amounts of medical data to improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance therapeutic communication, and personalize patient care with their strength in understanding and generating human-like text. In clinical AI, developing and utilizing robust and interpretable models has been a longstanding challenge. This survey investigates the current psychiatric practice of LLMs, along with a series of corpus resources that could be used for training psychiatric LLMs. We discuss the limitations concerning LLM reproducibility, capabilities, usability, interpretability in clinical settings, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we propose potential future directions for research, clinical application, and education in psychiatric LLMs. Finally, we discuss the challenge of integrating LLMs into the evolving landscape of healthcare in real-world scenarios.

Protein structure Quality Assessment (QA) is an essential component in protein structure prediction and analysis. The relationship between protein sequence and structure often serves as a basis for protein structure QA. In this work, we developed a new Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to assess the compatibility of protein sequence and structure for capturing their complex relationship. More specifically, the emission of the HMM consists of protein local structures in angular space, secondary structures, and sequence profiles. This model has two capabilities: (1) encoding local structure of each position by jointly considering sequence and structure information, and (2) assigning a global score to estimate the overall quality of a predicted structure, as well as local scores to assess the quality of specific regions of a structure, which provides useful guidance for targeted structure refinement. We compared the HMM model to state-of-art single structure quality assessment methods OPUSCA, DFIRE, GOAP, and RW in protein structure selection. Computational results showed our new score HMM.Z can achieve better overall selection performance on the benchmark datasets.