Heterogeneous stackings of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and halide perovskites have attracted much attention owing to their respective superior optoelectronic properties. Black phosphorus (BP), as a unique 2D member with narrow bandgap, high mobility, and strong anisotropy, has never been combined with 2D layered perovskites. Herein, we construct a new BP-based van der Waals heterostructure combing with 2D chiral hybrid perovskite (i.e., (MBA)₂PbI₄) for promoting the performance and enriching the functionalities of BP. A series of BP characteristics, including carrier mobility, photoresponsivity, and polarization sensitivity, are synergistically enhanced when interfacing with (MBA)₂PbI₄. For instance, the photodetector responsivity and photogain of BP in heterostructures are boosted by almost one order of magnitude with respect to BP alone, which is more obvious under excitation above the bandgap of perovskite. This is because the interfacing perovskite provides an inflow of numerous photogenerated carriers to BP, to reinforce the charge carrier transfer, separation, and transport processes. Additionally, the ability of both linearly and circularly polarized photodetection can be integrated into the BP/(MBA)₂PbI₄ heterostructure. Our work sheds new insight on the heterostructure assembly for promising optoelectronic applications within 2D materials and perovskite families.