The Cu_xO/TiO₂ nanotubes arrays are fabricated in two stages. Firstly, TiO₂-NTs are grown by the Ti-foil anodization process and then annealed for 2h at 500 ℃. Subsequently, Cu_xO thin film was deposited with different deposition times on the nanotubes by electrochemical cathodic reaction, then heated twice, once at 200 ℃ in the air and then at 300 ℃ in the closed furnace for 2 h, respectively. Pure-TNT and Cu_xO/TNTs heterostructure are characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, Hall effect, and as a gas sensor. Results show that the gas sensor (CuO_x=1/TiO₂ for NO₂ and H₂ gases) prepared at the time (1 min) is higher than the pure TiO₂-NTs and also higher than Cu_x=2O/TiO₂ which were synthesized at various times 3, 5, 7, and 10 mins.

Gas sensor based on titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotube was manufactured and its sensitivity to hydrogen (H₂) and to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) gasses was investigated using anodization method. The TiO₂ NT structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology of prepared Titania was analysed using field-emission electron-scanning microscopy (FE-SEM). Starting with (XRD) study it confirms the tetragonal phase structure of the prepared Titania (anatase and rutile). In addition, the TiO₂ anatase averaged crystallite size was 25.9 nm. The FE-SEM images revealed that the nanotube's average diameters are within 70 ± 2 nm. Gas response measurements at room temperature (27 ℃) for hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide gases at various concentrations (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm) were investigated. Our study has shown that the higher resistance of NO₂ gas was 30 Ω at 300 ppm while it was equal 18.29 Ω at 150 ppm for H₂ gas at room temperature.

The aim of this study is to find out about the antibacterial activity of a variety of ZnO nanostructures, along with their derivative nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and nanorods (ZnO NRs) against numerous clinic strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as well as Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumonia (Strept. pneumonia) bacteria. ZnO NPs and ZnO NRs were efficiently synthesized by using sol-gel and hydrothermal strategies, respectively. Various properties, consisting of the morphology, structure and optical, had been described by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy analysis. This check was performed in Mueller-Hinton agar. The impact of different particle sizes and morphologies of ZnO nanomaterials on the growth of bacteria was measured. In the antibacterial assay, each type of ZnO nanostructure showed effective inhibition. The findings showed that ZnO NRs exhibited more efficient antibacterial activity than that of ZnO NPs agents. This was once the case for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hence, the study indicated that the antibacterial of ZnO NRs against Strept. Pneumonia was similar to those for S. typhi. However, depending on the particle size effect of ZnO nanostructure, it was found that ZnO NPs showed much less antibacterial activity towards S. typhi than ZnO NRs did.