Hydrogels have three-dimensional network structures that have been widely applied owing to their high water content, excellent biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties. Compared with conventional hydrogels, sprayable hydrogels exhibit excellent temporal and spatial controllability. Biomass materials offer easy accessibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other physicochemical properties that are extensively used in the formation of sprayable hydrogels. In situ formed biomass-based sprayable hydrogels are realized by chemical or physical crosslinking. Rapid spray filming, in situ drug delivery, high permeability, and flexible portability enable biomass-based sprayable hydrogels to show great potential for topical drug delivery, wound healing, and other applications. This review describes in detail the status of research on the preparation and application of biomass-based sprayable hydrogels and suggests prospects for their future development.