The development of highly efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for seawater electrolysis is of great importance for applications. Here, an amorphous FeMoO₄ nanorod array on Ni foam is reported as a highly active OER electrocatalyst in alkaline seawater, requiring only overpotentials of 303 and 332 mV to achieve 100 and 300 mA·cm⁻², respectively. Moreover, it shows strong long-term electrochemical durability for at least 50 h.

Saliva testing is a vital method for clinical applications, for its noninvasive features, richness in substances, and the huge amount. Due to its direct anatomical connection with oral, digestive, and endocrine systems, clinical usage of saliva testing for these diseases is promising. Furthermore, for other diseases that seeming to have no correlations with saliva, such as neurodegenerative diseases and psychological diseases, researchers also reckon saliva informative. Tremendous papers are being produced in this field. Updated summaries of recent literature give newcomers a shortcut to have a grasp of this topic. Here, we focused on recent research about saliva biomarkers that are derived from humans, not from other organisms. The review mostly addresses the proceedings from 2016 to 2022, to shed light on the promising usage of saliva testing in clinical diagnostics. We recap the recent advances following the category of different types of biomarkers, such as intracellular DNA, RNA, proteins and intercellular exosomes, cell-free DNA, to give a comprehensive impression of saliva biomarker testing.