To investigate the mechanism of SUMO-specific protease 1 (Senp1) involved in neuronal pyroptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

A total of 95 male C57BL/6 mice (6~8 weeks old) were randomly divided into sham group (n=15), SAH groups (for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, n=8, 7, 17, 6 and 6), SAH+AAV9-NC group (n=19), and SAH+AAV9-sh-Senp1 group (n=17). Mouse model of SAH was established by intravascular puncture in the left internal carotid artery. Neurobehavioral scoring was used to evaluate neurological function, HE staining and FJC staining were employed to observe brain injury, RT-PCR was conducted to detect the knockdown of Senp1, Western blotting was applied to measure the expression of Senp1, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), gasdermin D (GSDMD), PYD and CARD domain containing (ASC) and Caspase-1, and immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the locations of Senp1 and NLRP3.

SAH caused the elevated expression of Senp1, which reached a peak in 24 h and located in the cortical neurons. Compared with the sham group, the expression of Senp1, NLRP3, GSDMD, ASC and Caspase-1 were significantly enhanced in the SAH groups (P<0.01), with aggravation of nerve injury and neurological deficits. Administration of AAV9-sh-Senp1 resulted in significantly improved nerve injury and function, decreased expression of above proteins (P<0.01), and inhibited neuron pyroptosis when compared with the SAH+AAV9-NC group.

Senp1 promotes the occurrence of neuronal pyroptosis and mediates neuronal injury after SAH.

To analyze the influence of drainage volume on prognosis of acute hydrocephalus (AHC) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) by continuous lumbar drainage.

A retrospective trial was conducted on 82 AHC patients after aSAH admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2017 and January 2022.In 6 months after discharge, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was used to evaluate the prognostic outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on demographic factors, severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at admission, medical history, cerebral vasospasm, and lumbar drainage data.Then a nomogram prediction model was constructed.

Univariate analysis found that World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) score, Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade, time for continuous lumbar drainage, shunt dependence, cerebral vasospasm, and drainage volume were factors affecting the prognosis of the patients.Then logistic regression analysis revealed that high WFNS score (OR: 3.25, 95%CI: 1.11~9.48), high modified Fisher grade (OR: 3.66, 95%CI: 1.08~12.35), shunt dependence (OR: 15.56, 95%CI: 1.22~198.57), and cerebral vasospasm (OR: 22.24, 95%CI: 3.08~160.68) were independent predictors for mRS score, while volume of continuous lumbar drainage (OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.40~0.82) was an independent protective factor.ROC curve analysis indicated a good predictive performance of the model (AUC=0.898, 95%CI: 0.935~0.861).Internal validation through Bootstrap method demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability of the model (C-index=0.950, 95%CI: 0.904~0.996;adjusted C-index: 0.934).

Increased volume of lumbar drainage is an independent protective factor for poor prognosis following aSAH and can improve the prognosis of SAH patients.