Ceramic fiber sponge with low density, high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and good thermal insulation performance is expected to become one of the most promising commercial ceramic materials in the fields of heat insulation, flame retardant, water-oil absorption and energy conversion. This paper summarizes the direct assembly methods such as three-dimensional electrospinning, solution blowing spinning and centrifugal spinning, reviews the research progress in the production of ceramic fiber sponge by direct spinning method, analyses the problems of low production efficiency of ceramic fiber sponge, and proposes the future development directions of ceramic fiber sponge: （1）improve the production efficiency, reduce the production cost, and mass produce ceramic fibre sponge with controllable shape; （2）improve the high-temperature thermal insulation performance and promote the application of ceramic fibre sponge in the field of heat insulation; （3）improve the structural stability and produce ceramic fibre sponge with high elasticity, flexibility, and fatigue resistance; （4）research and develop ceramic fibre sponge materials with special functions such as light and electromagnetism, and expand the application range of ceramic fibre sponge.

Carbide ceramic fibers are of significant importance for application in the high-tech areas of advanced aircraft engines, aerospace vehicles, and the nuclear industry due to their excellent properties, such as high tensile strength and elastic modulus, excellent high-temperature resistance, and oxidation resistance. This paper reviews the preparation and application of different carbide ceramic fibers, including SiC fibers and transition metal carbide (e.g., ZrC, HfC, and TaC) ceramic fibers. The preparation methods of carbide ceramic fibers are discussed in terms of different fiber diameters, represented by SiC fibers with variable weaving properties and functions due to their differences in diameter. Subsequently, the application of carbide ceramic fibers as high-temperature-resistant structural materials, catalyst carriers, sensors, and supercapacitors are summarized, and strategies for the future development of carbide ceramic fibers are proposed. This review aims to help researchers enhance their understanding of the preparation and utilization of carbide ceramic micro/nanofibers, advancing the development of high-performance carbide ceramic fibers.