ALLAuger electron spectroscopyElectron diffractionElectron spin resonance spectroscopyEmission spectroscopyEnergy dispersive spectroscopyMass spectrometryNuclear magnetic resonanceNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyOptical emission spectroscopyPhotoelectron spectroscopyRaman scatteringRaman spectroscopyScanning electron microscopyScanning tunneling microscopySecondary ion mass spectrometryTransmission electron microscopy