The development of adaptive emotion regulation (ER) plays a pivotal role in adolescent mental health and socio-emotional adaptation. Dispositional optimism, as an important protective factor for adolescent adjustment, may affect adolescent ER and subsequently influence adaptive outcomes. In this review, the changes and challenges, the role of ER in socio-emotional adjustment, and the developmental characteristics of implicit and explicit ER during adolescence are described. Subsequently, by employing the top-down model of personality, coping, and emotion, how dispositional optimism may affect psychological adjustment from the perspective of ER is analyzed. Furthermore, how the differences in adolescents’ dispositional optimism may be reflected by the differences in implicit ER is discussed. Finally, recommendations for future research are outlined.

As a self-transcendent emotion, awe refers to an immediate emotional response or a sustained feeling to various stimuli. The experience of awe is profound and of great significance not only for individual growth but also for social progress. To systematically understand and better conduct future research on awe, this study first illustrates the definition of awe and its widespread functions on prosocial behaviors, well-being, cognition, and self-consciousness. Then, the neuroscientific literature is reviewed, where findings show that the neural basis of awe involves multiple brain regions related to self-consciousness, cognitive control, attention, and emotion. The review also discusses the application of awe in clinical treatments, especially in transpersonal psychotherapy, to inspire individuals to promote spiritual development. Lastly, recommendations on how awe can guide future research are presented.

Anhedonia, as one of the core symptoms of depression, is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of depression. Traditionally, anhedonia has been referred to as "loss of pleasure", while the recent research emphasizes that anhedonia is a complex and multidimensional construct based on reward processing impairment. Exploring different manifestations of anhedonia and developing the corresponding interventions have become indispensable in the current research of depression. Based on the positive valence system of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), this paper firstly demonstrates that the anhedonia of depressive adults are mainly characterized by the impairments in anticipatory pleasure, incentive motivation/effort, and reward learning based on subjective rating, behavioral, and neurophysiological evidences, while the existing evidences for the consummatory anhedonia of depression are inconsistent. Additionally, we introduce the vulnerability–stress model, as the mainstream theory of anhedonia in depression, and also emphasize the role of dopamine system abnormalities and altered brain structures or functional networks underpinning reward processing in the pathogenesis of anhedonia. Furthermore, to reinstate reward processing in depressed adults, various effective interventions for anhedonia have been developed, including direct psychosocial interventions, indirect working memory training, and real-time neurofeedback training with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Future research needs to deeply investigate the role of stress and gene polymorphisms in the etiology and mechanism of anhedonia in depression. Besides, more attention should be paid to social anhedonia in depressed individuals. And we also emphasize the need to further promote translational studies on the clinical interventions of anhedonia.