Loading rHuEPO-alpha drug on the surface of magnesium oxide nanoparticles further improves the effect of the drug as a treatment for anemia. After preparation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles by precipitation method, it was diagnosed by X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. the loaded was diagnosed by Docking program, UV-Visible and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The study of LD50 was for thirty male mice. Magnesium Oxide nanoparticles had an average crystallite size of 8.42 nm. oral LD50 test was 896 mg/kg. Docking results presented a high energy binding with force linkage due to the link of the oxygen atom of MgO NPs with three hydrogen bonds of amino acids in the rHuEPO-alpha structure. The UV-Visible result was certain that all rHuEPO-alpha drug was loaded on the surface of MgO NPs. TEM shows that the average particle size was 9.94 nm after loaded of the rHuEPO-alpha drug on MgO NPs while was 9 nm before the loaded. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles may exhibit an effect on increasing the efficacy of rHuEPO-alpha after the loaded, leading to elevated hemoglobin and reduced anemia disease.

The present research aimed to study the clinical efficacy of novel of impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on erythropoietin hormone in blood. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by the chemical method. The synthesized nanoparticles were diagnosed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average particle size was 10.8-12.6 nm. Blood samples were collected from 68 samples, classified as 24 patients with diabetic, 24 patients with diabetic kidney disease, and a control group of 20 healthy males. The age for all groups ranged between 34-72 years old. For evaluating the effectiveness of the erythropoietin (EPO) hormone with MgO NPs, the results showed a significant increase in the level of erythropoietin hormone with MgO NPs compared with the level of erythropoietin hormone without MgO NPs in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The activating percentage of erythropoietin hormone action was 84.8%. In conclusion, magnesium oxide nanoparticles may exhibit an impact on erythropoietin hormone and its receptor thus improving the "action", i.e. the binding and interaction between the hormone EPO and its receptors forming their complex. Therefore, the biochemical effects and physiological effects would be more controlled and regulated, thus increasing the level of hemoglobin in the blood and reducing the anemia state.