Gold nanostructure can be manufactured in many forms, such as spherical by using simple chemical method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was derived from a 400-μL trisodium citrate solution. The diffraction peaks corresponding to the diffraction planes of (111), (200), and (220) were all indexed to the gold with a face-centered cubic structure. The lattice constant calculated from the XRD pattern is 4.078 Å, which matches the conventional cubic gold metal diffraction pattern well (Pattern card number (04-784)). The results of scanning electronic microscope show that the biological nanoparticles of gold have asymmetric shapes and different sizes grouped as a circular particle. It was observed that the fashioning of AuNPs increased with increase in the concentration of [6]-gingerol waste extracts. The viability of FTC-133 cells treated for 48 h with various concentrations of [6]-gingerol extract coated with AuNPs (12.5–400 g/mL) was used to determine the cytotoxicity. A dose-dependent reduction in FTC-133 cell viability caused by [6]-gingerol extract capped with Au NPs was substantial (P < 0.05), reaching 75% cell mortality at 400 g/mL; the IC₅₀ was 90.5%.

In this research, investigated characterization of pure and Cobalt doped Tin dioxide SnO₂: Co with 3, 5 and 7wt% fabricated using radio frequency magnetron sputtering method deposited on glass surfaces. The results showed that prepared SnO₂: Co were nano films and poly crystalline in form with favored reflection permanently (110) plan, and the crystallite size decreases as the Co concentration increased 9-14 nm. The optical properties represented by the transmittance of perspicuous and cobalt transplantation SnO₂ layers were studied and results showed that highest transmittance obtained was 91% in the pure films and decreased to 78% as the Co concentration increased; the wavelength range was 300-900 nm due to be the increasing of the Co amount during the deposition, leading to a linear increase in mobility and carrier concentration, until a threshold of Co content was overcome and from that point onward the mobility began to decrease. Optical energy gaps of perspicuous and Co transplantation SnO₂ nano layers were determined and the energy gap was reduced from 3.50 eV of perspicuous nano layers to 3.29 eV for the highest transplantation concentration.

In this paper, the surface of zirconium implant was improved by growing zirconium oxide nanotubes using a simple chemical method to increase the surface porosity and thus increase the effectiveness of bone fusion. Histopathological examinations showed the filling of the bone lakes at the implant site with live bone cells and the penetration of Haversian canals into the blood vessels. EDXS profile confirmed the signal characteristic of zirconium and oxygen. EDXS profile is another evidence of pure ZrO₂ nanotubes formation. EDXS presents peaks between 0.525 and 2.044 kV, which indicate the presence of ZrO₂ nanotubes. SEM result showed that homogeneous nanotubes are less in diameter with increasing concentration of glycerine.

In this study, different chemical methods were used to synthesize ZnO nanorod, TiO₂ nanotube and ZnO/TiO₂ nanostructure as high sensitivity vapor sensor for ethanol. The surface topography of ZnO nanorod, TiO₂ nanotube and ZnO/TiO₂ was studied by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-rays diffraction showed the appearance of (101) ZnO which has single crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite while TiO₂ has been crystallized in a tetragonal with the preferential orientation of the crystallinity with the prominent (111). The relation between resistance-time showed high sensitivity for ZnO/TiO₂ and was found to be around 20-80% at different working temperature. ZnO/TiO₂ sensor was the most sensitive to ethanol vapor.