Precise modulation of the pore structure and modification of the surface groups (-NH₂) of MXene aerogels by the solid foaming method in combination with Na⁺ pre-intercalation can significantly increase the layer spacing and change the electronic structure of MXene, thereby significantly optimizing its electrochemical performance. The three dimensional (3D) network structure provides numerous active sites on the surface of MXene and provides more ion transfer pathways, and the large layer spacing allows electrolyte ions fast transport, and the surface groups provide more active sites for the pseudocapacitive reaction. As a result, the prepared Na-Ti₃C₂T_x film aerogel delivers a high mass specific capacitance of 560 F g^-1 and excellent cycling performance of 94.5% capacitance retention after 12,000 cycles in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. In addition, the flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor (ASC) composed of MXene film electrodes has excellent specific capacitance ~ 277 F g^-1 and high energy density ~ 52.8 Wh kg^-1 at 1600 W kg^-1. Therefore, this work not only proposes a feasible synthetic method that can precisely regulate the pore structure and surface features of film aerogels, but also demonstrates the broad application prospects of aerogel materials in wearable power devices.

Advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries have been greatly limited application caused by uncontrollable dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution and zinc metal corrosion, which can lead to quick failure of the battery and low Coulombic efficiency. Three-dimensional (3D) porous host strategy is available to limit zinc dendrite growth and electrode interfacial side reactions. Herein, an ingenious local levelling and macro stereo strategy is rationally designed as a Zn plating/stripping scaffold. The flexible 3D carbon cloth as the structural and conductive framework is coated by Ag-Cu-reduced graphene oxide (Ag-Cu-rGO) and Ketjen black. Benefiting from the uniformly dispersed zincophilic Ag on the surface of Cu nanoboxes, the anode suppresses hydrogen evolution side reactions and reduces local current density via more nucleation sites. In addition, rGO homogenizes both the ion flux and electric field at the electrode surface, resulting from high conductivity and large specific surface area of rGO. As a result, the fabricated Zn//Ag-Cu-rGO asymmetric cells exhibit stable voltage profiles for plating and striping 250 cycles, maintain nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency at 2 mA·cm⁻² and 1 mAh·cm⁻² as well as behave an extremely small nucleation overpotential of 34 mV and Ag-Cu-rGO@Zn symmetric cell presents highly uniform electric field with a superior lifespan over 2500 h at 1 mA·cm⁻² and 1 mAh·cm⁻², respectively. Meanwhile, this efficient Ag-Cu-rGO@Zn anode also enables a substantially stable Ag-Cu-rGO@Zn//V₂O₃ full cell over 2000 cycles. The work opens a new avenue of 3D host for durable and dendrite-free flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries anode.

Photoelectrochemical devices have been developed to enable the conversion of solar energy. However, their commercial potential is restricted by the limited stability of the materials employed. To enhance the stability of photocathode and its solar water splitting performance, a P-Si/TiO₂/HfO₂/MoS₂/Pt composite photocathode is developed in this work. The novel TiO₂/HfO₂/MoS₂ serial nanostructure provides excellent stability of the photocathode, and optimizes the interface energy barrier to further facilitate the transfer process of photogenerated carriers within the photocathode. The best P-Si/TiO₂/HfO₂/MoS₂/Pt photocathode demonstrates an initial potential of 0.5 V (vs. RHE) and a photocurrent density of −29 mA/cm² at 0 V (vs. RHE). Through intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and photoluminescence test, it is known that the enhanced water splitting performance is attributed to the optimized carrier transfer property. These findings provide a feasible strategy for the stability and photon quantum efficiency enhancement of silicon-based photocathode devices.

Glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) coupled with hydrogen generation simultaneously is a promising strategy for developing sustainable energy conversion technologies, but the complexity of glycerol oxidation products and the high coupling hydrogen evolution potential limit its wide application. In this paper, a self-supported high-entropy selenide electrode can be fabricated via a simple hydrothermal process. Then, the prepared electrode as an advanced catalyst displays optimal catalytic activity (1.20 V at 10 mA·cm⁻²) and high selectivity for the formation of formate in GOR. The results show that the lattice distortion effect of high entropy materials composed of multiple elements is mainly responsible for the greatly improved catalytic activity and selectivity for GOR. Moreover, an advanced alkali-acid hybrid electrolytic cell was assembled that enables efficient energy-saving hydrogen generation and GOR simultaneously. Herein, the electrolyzer requires only 0.5 V applied voltage to reach 10 mA·cm⁻² for hydrogen generation and maintains long-term operation stability.