Blue laser diode (LD) combined with appropriate phosphors have been recognized as next generation solid white lighting technology. The conventional silicone package LD has the problem of efficiency droop, limiting the application in high power field. In this work, glass phosphors were developed by using MgO-BaO-SiO₂ as the glass matrix and Ce:YAG as phosphor. The glass phosphors were integrated with 450 nm LD chip for white light emission. Phase composition and microstructure of the glass phosphors were systematically studied, while their luminescent performances were evaluated and discussed. Luminescent parameters, including luminous efficiency of 125.31 lm·W⁻¹, correlated color temperature of 5286 K and CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.33), were achieved in the sample with 12 wt.% Ce:YAG. These glass phosphors could find potential applications for high power white lighting.

Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LDGCs) are widely used in fields, such as bioremediation materials and smart terminal display windows, due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding optical properties, high chemical stability and biocompatibility. The paper is aimed to review the development of LDGCs, summarize the correlation between the chemical composition, preparation process, microstructure and properties of LDGCs, and discuss their applications in different fields. Comprehensive references for further research and application of LDGCs will be offered, while new ideas for relevant researchers to explore valuable information will be provided, and the performance improvement and application promotion of LDGCs materials will be proposed.

Low-cost synthesis of cordierite ceramic materials has been widely concerned. In this study, clay, fly ash, talc and bauxite were used as the main raw materials to prepare low-expansion cordierite ceramics. The effects of composition of the raw materials and sintering condition on structural characteristics of the ceramics, such as ph ase content, micromorphology, thermal expansion coefficient, porosity and so on, were systematically studied. It is found that the content of talc had a significant effect on phase composition of the cordierite ceramics. When the content of talc was 33.14 wt.%, single phase cordierite ceramics can be obtained. Excessive talc would lead to the formation of spinel olivine phase. The increase in sintering temperature and time is helpful for the phase formation of cordierite. After sintering at 1300 ℃ for 3.5 h, the cordierite ceramics had a minimum thermal expansion coefficient of 2.21 ×10^-6 ℃^-1 and a strength of 36.17 MPa.

Micrystalline glass is a kind of polycrystalline composite material, with dense micrystalline phase and glass phase derived from specific basic glass through heat treatment. A large number of tiny crystals and glass phase endows micrystalline glass with excellent mechanical strength and other special properties, as compared with glasses. Among them, mica glass-ceramics not only have excellent properties common to ordinary glass-ceramics, but also have unique machinable characteristics, so that they have been widely used in biomedical, aerospace engineering, chemical and electronic devices and so on. The structure composition, classification and preparation technology of mica glass-ceramics are systematically introduced, while the machinability test methods of mica glass-ceramics are summarized and the strength improvement methods of mica glass-ceramics are described. Finally, the development trend of mica glass-ceramics is discussed.

Glass-ceramics consist of a certain content of crystalline phase in residual glass phase obtained from the glasses through controlled heat treatment. It has a similar microstructure with ceramic materials of the same composition. However, because glass-ceramics could have zero porosity and full density, they have superior properties than the conventional ceramics. Most glasses are opaque after crystallization. By controlling the crystal size and content or adjusting the refractive index of the precipitated crystals through composition design, glass-ceramics of some systems could have translucency or even high transparency. Transparent glass-ceramics are widely used in military, industrial production, biotechnology, daily life and other fields, because they have the advantages of both glass in molding and optical properties and ceramics in mechanical properties and stability. Transparent mechanism, composition system and preparation process of glass-ceramics are systematically introduced, while the research progress and application status of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and other transparent glass-ceramics are discussed in depth.

Matrix glass of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (LAS) glass ceramics without zirconia was prepared by using melting method with Li₂CO₃, Al₂O₃, SiO₂ as the main materials. Then, ZrO₂/LAS glass-ceramic composites with different contents of ZrO₂ were fabricated by using high-energy ball milling, grinding and sintering. Thermal behaviors of the raw materials were examined, while the effects of ZrO₂ and sintering temperature on phase composition, macro/microscopic morphology, thermal expansion, bulk density and hardness of the composites were systematically studied. It is found that phase composition of the ZrO₂/LAS glass-ceramics composites is mainly dependent on sintering temperature, while the addition of ZrO₂ has a strong influence on denseness, thermal expansion and mechanical properties of the composites. The composites with high denseness were achieved as the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃ and the content of ZrO₂ is 30 wt.%, while the low linear shrinkage (3.55×10^-5) was observed at 800 ℃. When the ZrO₂ content was 10–30 wt.%, the average CTEs of the composites at 30–300 ℃were negative and close to zero, which showed the good thermal stability of the composites. The Vickers hardness of the composites increased linearly with the increase of ZrO₂ content, indicating that the addition of ZrO₂ is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The introduction of ZrO₂ into LAS glass could be used as an effective reference for the preparation of glass-ceramic composites with low thermal expansion coefficient and high mechanical properties.

Mica glass-ceramics is a composite material composed of lamellar or needle-shaped mica crystals and a glass phase.It originates from the K₂O-MgO-MgF₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system, which has been developed by incorporating various additives. This process makes the mica crystal as the main crystal phase, forming glass-ceramics with special lamellar structure. The progress in composition system, preparation method, properties and applications of mica glass-ceramics are systematically introduced.Special attention is paid to their unique machinable properties. Their lamellar structure gives it excellent machinable characteristics, enabling it to be made into components with precise size, precise fit and complex shape by using various processing means. Mica glass-ceramics exhibit applications in the fields of biological tissue, high-precision structural parts, vacuum electronic devices, etc. Finally, the development trend of mica glass-ceramics is prospected.

For more than 100 years, borosilicate glass has been the preferred material for pharmaceutical packaging all around the world. With continuous development of modern medicine industry, new drugs emerge one after another, so that the safety problem of borosilicate glass in the process of liquid medicine packaging and storage becomes increasingly prominent. In the process of long-term contact with liquid medicines, especially alkaline ones, there are risks of peeling, particulate matter generation, drug failure and so on. Therefore, chemical stability of borosilicate glass, especially alkali resistance, needs to be further improved.The global spread of COVID-19 has further accelerated the development and production of high-quality borosilicate glass and new medical packaging glass in the world. Five aspects were systematically summarized in this article, including (Ⅰ) classification of pharmaceutical packaging glass circulating in the market, (Ⅱ) application fields and representative compositions of various commercial glass, (Ⅲ) key preparation processes of high quality borosilicate glass, (Ⅳ) correlations between composition,structure and property, (Ⅴ) composition and properties of novel aluminum silicate pharmaceutical packaging glasses.

Pure KNO₃ was selected as the molten salt, while one-step and two-step methods were used for ion-exchange of ultra-thin aluminosilicate glass for applications in cell phone displays. The distribution of ion concentration in the ion-exchanged glass was characterized by using EDS. The effects of ion-exchange process on depth of the compressive stress layer (DOL), surface compressive stress (CS), Vickers hardness, density, transmittance and chemical stability of the glass were systematically studied. It is found that the increase in ion-exchange temperature and time as favorable to the DOL, CS and Vickers hardness. However, when the temperature exceeded 400 ℃ and the time exceeded 2 h, the CS and Vickers hardness decreased sharply due to the stress relaxation effect. With the two-step method, the ion concentration gradient was raised, which further improved the CS and Vickers hardness. The ion-exchange process increased density and chemical stability of the glass without reducing the transmittance. These findings are useful for the strengthening of ultra-thin glass for cell phone display applications.

Low thermal expansion ceramics are defined as ceramic materials with a thermal expansion coefficient below 2.0×10^-6 ℃^-1. Compared to other conventional ceramics, these materials exhibit exceptional resistance to high temperatures and thermal shock, maintaining stability in complex environments characterized by high temperatures and abrupt temperature changes. They find widespread application in various fields, including refractory materials, catalyst carriers, electronic devices, and aerospace. This article reviews the classification, preparation methods, and application domains of low thermal expansion ceramics, and examines the research advancements of several common types such as cordierite, aluminum titanate, NaZr₂(PO₄)₃, and lithium ceramics. Additionally, the article discusses the development trends in this field.