Blue laser diode (LD) combined with appropriate phosphors have been recognized as next generation solid white lighting technology. The conventional silicone package LD has the problem of efficiency droop, limiting the application in high power field. In this work, glass phosphors were developed by using MgO-BaO-SiO₂ as the glass matrix and Ce:YAG as phosphor. The glass phosphors were integrated with 450 nm LD chip for white light emission. Phase composition and microstructure of the glass phosphors were systematically studied, while their luminescent performances were evaluated and discussed. Luminescent parameters, including luminous efficiency of 125.31 lm·W⁻¹, correlated color temperature of 5286 K and CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.33), were achieved in the sample with 12 wt.% Ce:YAG. These glass phosphors could find potential applications for high power white lighting.

Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LDGCs) are widely used in fields, such as bioremediation materials and smart terminal display windows, due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding optical properties, high chemical stability and biocompatibility. The paper is aimed to review the development of LDGCs, summarize the correlation between the chemical composition, preparation process, microstructure and properties of LDGCs, and discuss their applications in different fields. Comprehensive references for further research and application of LDGCs will be offered, while new ideas for relevant researchers to explore valuable information will be provided, and the performance improvement and application promotion of LDGCs materials will be proposed.

Low-cost synthesis of cordierite ceramic materials has been widely concerned. In this study, clay, fly ash, talc and bauxite were used as the main raw materials to prepare low-expansion cordierite ceramics. The effects of composition of the raw materials and sintering condition on structural characteristics of the ceramics, such as ph ase content, micromorphology, thermal expansion coefficient, porosity and so on, were systematically studied. It is found that the content of talc had a significant effect on phase composition of the cordierite ceramics. When the content of talc was 33.14 wt.%, single phase cordierite ceramics can be obtained. Excessive talc would lead to the formation of spinel olivine phase. The increase in sintering temperature and time is helpful for the phase formation of cordierite. After sintering at 1300 ℃ for 3.5 h, the cordierite ceramics had a minimum thermal expansion coefficient of 2.21 ×10^-6 ℃^-1 and a strength of 36.17 MPa.

Glass-ceramics consist of a certain content of crystalline phase in residual glass phase obtained from the glasses through controlled heat treatment. It has a similar microstructure with ceramic materials of the same composition. However, because glass-ceramics could have zero porosity and full density, they have superior properties than the conventional ceramics. Most glasses are opaque after crystallization. By controlling the crystal size and content or adjusting the refractive index of the precipitated crystals through composition design, glass-ceramics of some systems could have translucency or even high transparency. Transparent glass-ceramics are widely used in military, industrial production, biotechnology, daily life and other fields, because they have the advantages of both glass in molding and optical properties and ceramics in mechanical properties and stability. Transparent mechanism, composition system and preparation process of glass-ceramics are systematically introduced, while the research progress and application status of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and other transparent glass-ceramics are discussed in depth.

Low thermal expansion ceramics are defined as ceramic materials with a thermal expansion coefficient below 2.0×10^-6 ℃^-1. Compared to other conventional ceramics, these materials exhibit exceptional resistance to high temperatures and thermal shock, maintaining stability in complex environments characterized by high temperatures and abrupt temperature changes. They find widespread application in various fields, including refractory materials, catalyst carriers, electronic devices, and aerospace. This article reviews the classification, preparation methods, and application domains of low thermal expansion ceramics, and examines the research advancements of several common types such as cordierite, aluminum titanate, NaZr₂(PO₄)₃, and lithium ceramics. Additionally, the article discusses the development trends in this field.

MXenes have received extensive attention from scholars due to their unique layered structure, significant electrical conductivity, and excellent mechanical properties. In addition to their pristine forms, they could also be incorporated with other components for attaining hybrids and nanocomposites, accompanying with amplified functionalities. It has been widely used in lithium batteries, supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding, tumor therapy, biosensors, photocatalysis, and other fields, and has shown great application potential in energy conversion and storage. The purpose of this article is to encyclopaedically overview the latest progress in synthesis and characterization of MXenes, while their potential applications in energy conversation such as water splitting and solar cells, as well as in energy storage such as Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen energy will be comprehensively elaborated. Development opportunities and challenges are summarized.